Cementitious structure components

ABSTRACT

Processes, machines, articles of manufacture and compositions of matter required to construct a habitable structure comprised of a cementitious product, preferably autoclaved aerated concrete (“AAC”), formed in unique blocks, panels and beams. This results in an extremely environmentally friendly habitable dwelling, residential or commercial, which, due to the resultant synergy of embodiments, when compared to a similar structure employing prior art and/or current industry&#39;s standard materials and methods of construction, is structurally superior and simultaneously yields substantial savings in labor, time and costs.

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/982,455 filed Oct. 31, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/123,635 filed May 6, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/201,035 filed Jul. 23, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,060, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,848 filed Feb. 16, 2001, now abandoned, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/741,787 filed Dec. 21, 2000, now abandoned, which claimed the benefit of U.S. provisional application 60/183,472 filed Feb. 18, 2000, now expired, the disclosures of which patent and patent applications are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to manufactured and built structures, such as dwellings. In particular, the invention relates to components for structures made of cementitious materials, for example, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). As there are improvements in cementitious products compositions, and even materials able to replace cementitious products, the ideas expressed herein are applicable to those other materials.

This invention is directed to the field of manufacturing and building structures, such as dwellings, and more particularly to a system for manufacturing structures of cementitious materials of an autoclaved aerated cementitious concrete.

This invention relates to a system for manufacturing structures of cementitious materials, and to unique techniques for finishing various features of the structures. The construction industry is basically unchanged in materials and processes for hundreds of years, while during this same time most other industries have been revolutionized. The consequence is that there is vast room, and need, for improvement in the construction industry, for the lack of improvement has resulted in escalating costs and a compounding of negative impact on the environment.

The construction industry has sought alternative building materials and techniques in order to limit the traditional expenses of construction. The costs include the high energy costs of manufacturing, increasing scarcity of quality materials and the rising cost of available materials, and increasingly expensive construction labor. Regrettably, the majority of solutions employed so far have only resulted in an increasingly inferior quality to finished product. Consumers desire to lessen the negative environmental impact (i.e., deforestation, mining and pollution from manufacturing) and negative health effects (i.e., fluorocarbons and other harmful gases, mold from decay) of some building materials. These factors have forced home builders in particular to consider new construction materials. These new materials must be versatile, easy to use, durable and energy efficient.

An alternative to the conventional building materials is what may be called Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, hereinafter referred to as “AAC.” AAC is superior to current building materials and is extremely environmentally friendly. That is, the teachings hereof will substantially reduce global warming by preserving forests. While this invention applies to any cementitious material which can employ the teachings of this invention. AAC is a preferred material and the further description will be so limited.

AAC was invented in the early 1900's and consists of a mixture of cement, aluminum powder, lime, water and finely ground sand. This mixture expands dramatically, and this “foamed” concrete is allowed to harden in a mold, followed by curing of the hardened mixture in a pressurized steam chamber or autoclave. Commercial production of AAC began in the 1930's and presently more than 31 million cubic meters have been produced worldwide.

Compared to wood, steel and standard concrete, AAC is a clearly superior material as it is fire proof, termite proof, self-insulating, sound insulating, nondecaying and does not rust. Compared to concrete. AAC weighs 30% less than traditional concrete masonry units. Additionally. AAC is well known as an environmentally friendly construction material with certain manufacturing plants receiving recognition as being “Green Factories.” Compared to the energy consumed in production of many other basic building materials, only a fraction is required to produce AAC. Raw materials consumption is very low for the amount of finished product produced. In the manufacturing process, no pollutants or toxic by-products are produced. AAC is also completely recyclable.

AAC is an inorganic material that contains no toxic substances. It does not slowly decompose nor emit a gas. Since AAC is both a structural and insulation material it allows the elimination of other materials that can contribute to poor indoor air quality. Due to its inorganic structure, AAC also eliminates the food source condition required to be present for microbial growth to occur. Thus, AAC is resistant to water penetration and decay. As it is a solid cementitious building material, insect (roaches, ants) and rodent (rats, mice) infestation is impossible within walls and floors as there are no cavities as now occurs in standard frame construction.

Further, AAC is noncombustible so, in the case of fire, it can help prevent the fire from spreading to other rooms. During a fire, no toxic gases or vapors are ever emitted from inorganic AAC. As building methods using AAC include using solid blocks and panels with very simple connection details, the ease of construction helps to ensure a monolithic, highly fire-resistant wall.

AAC buildings, as described by this invention, can be very energy efficient. This efficiency is due to a combination of high R-value, thermal mass and air-tightness. AAC is the only product currently available that meets Germany's stringent energy codes without added insulation. It is well documented that the R-value of a mass product need not be as high as that of light frame construction, to perform thermally efficiently.

AAC products are unfinished. Depending on the building use or the aesthetic requirements, AAC may be coated with an exterior surface finish of approved stucco, stone, brick-veneer, wood siding with furring, or a combination thereof. On the interior. AAC usually has sheetrock installed over furring strips due to utilities and numerous joints of blocks.

While the construction industry recognized certain advantages in the use of AAC components for building, no system exists to effectively take advantage of the superior qualities of AAC in a cost effective manner. In fact, even though AAC is itself considered a vastly superior construction material than current construction industry standard wood, steel and/or concrete, the prior methodologies employed in AAC construction cause ACC to be so much more labor intensive and costlier than current standard construction materials, that the negatives of prior methodologies of AAC construction basically outweigh AAC's inherit advantages and so prohibit AAC from being considered as a viable alternative. The teachings of this invention not only eliminate these prohibitive negatives, they so facilitate the construction of AAC habitats that AAC habitats now can be built in less time and for less end use cost than conventional materials, with the underlying theme being the construction industry's prerequisite “simpler, better, cheaper” motto.

The background art is characterized by U.S. Pat. Nos. 721,178; 723,175; 929,684; 3,603,052; 4,285,179; 4,409,763; 5,143,498; 5,240,052; 5,286,427; 5,516,248; 5,682,934; 5,761,862; 5,794,386; 5,981,030; 6,006,480; 6,098,357; the disclosures of which patents are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to new processes, machines, articles of manufacture and compositions of matter for the effective manufacture and use of cementitious AAC panels, blocks and shapes for the construction of environmentally friendly habitats. Upon review of this disclosure, it will be noted that there is not one component that is not either completely unique or modified in such a manner that the resultant process is completely new. Entire structural habitat can be constructed of cementitious product without use of steel support beams, interlocking steel brackets, bolts or other common steel parts (only reinforcing bar as building code requires), gutters, down spouts, wood trim, casing, and/or molding, nor conventional roofing materials, yet has the same degree of functionality as a conventional dwelling with these features.

It was discovered that large, precisely dimensioned elements of AAC allow for rapid construction as compared to conventional brick and CMU (concrete block). Their greater dimensional accuracy requires less on site adjustment. The combination of large size and dimensional accuracy allows greatly increased productivity. Due to the light-weight of AAC, reduced equipment demands are realized.

Construction of the walls employ processes for minimizing consumption of blocks. There are two wall block sizes: mini-wall and wall block. Their differing contributions to wall process will be detailed later. But each wall block has invention's utility channel and is coordinated with other blocks of invention's processes. Each block serves a specific function in the wall itself as well as replacing as many as four separate items required in current construction.

The invention's process of constructing walls of cementitious blocks, such as AAC, is superior in minimizing the quantity of components to be only three components (self-leveling base beam wall block and top beam—with structural casing block for openings). The structural pieces are pre-finished with architectural effects and have the applicant's “liquid sheetrock” coating on interior surfaces and simply installed as specified (base, wall, top, casing, crown). The applicant's utility chase allows for structural components to be pre-finished and architecturally enhanced.

A common background art design problem is resultant gap between the top of a wall where it meets a sloped roof. The applicant's crown block with sloped top fits perfectly into this space and allows for architectural continuity. The crown block allows for sloped roofs and, if left with a level top, even additional floor systems to rest on architecturally finished structural components. An example of one advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that a roof panel set on a 12:12 pitch can be set in place with the invention's screws (described later) through crown block into the walls and into invention's beam support system, and then left with no other support, such as notches, etc.

Openings for windows and doors use present art's structural casing block with utility chase system and are dimensionally located with components of this invention's process on two foot grid system so entire dwelling is an unified dimensional process thereby a standard 8 foot high wall uses three components vertically and horizontally can have virtually no waste.

Invention's alternative process of wall block system allows for all advantages of vertical three block system with less labor as requires only invention's utility channel slot at base which coordinates with utility channel in other articles of manufacture such as casing blocks, etc. To fully appreciate wall block system, to be cost effective in manufacturing and field requires adding 6 inches of length to AAC industry's standard 20 foot slurry mold so three full lengths of two-inch wall blocks and matching casing blocks can be produced without waste.

Returning to the current manufacturing capabilities, casing blocks, etc. are horizontally dimensional for one-foot and two-foot center construction. Single wall block is not called a panel as steel reinforcing is not required which is substantial savings. Casing blocks can be omitted and architectural effect added into wall blocks and top block using invention's tools.

One example of an advantage of this invention over prior methodology of AAC construction and prior art of CMU block, by using the traditional solid blocks and/or panels there was no good means to provide a finished interior wall without first using wood furring strips and externally positioning electrical utility boxes and wiring which further meant that wood studs and sheetrock or dry wall panels were required; consequently basically requiring two wall systems or, alternatively, routing and then inserting conduit and then having to repair walls. All this added substantial extra labor and material costs to the construction using AAC panels and blocks. Current art's internal “utility channel” system; allows all utilities to be placed inside wall during construction and with special “fishing curve” and “multi conduit” inserts allow utilities to be placed within wall even after construction. The current art's utility channel system, inserts and architectural finish provide a structurally superior finished wall with surface simply requiring paint and/or wallpaper as a normal finished sheetrock wall. Current art eliminates all labor and/or forest materials of constructing an additional wall system. Current art even eliminates need for finished wood trim by architecturally finished blocks and invention's tools that are designed to finish vertical, and even upside down, surfaces. Current art's unique wall block system has not only saved labor and materials as compared to conventional AAC construction, it has actually made AAC less expensive and labor intensive than standard construction materials and methodologies.

The top course of a wall is constructed using top block/beam that is dimensionally sized at +/−16 inches. It can be manufactured as a block or a continuous beam, as it can be reinforced and even house invention's air duct system. An industry standard two-foot wide panel can be substituted for top block, as wall block's unique shape is critical for process.

A common design problem is resultant gap between the top of a wall where it meets a sloped roof. The crown block with sloped top fits perfectly into this space and allows for architectural continuity. The crown block allows for sloped roofs and, if left with a level top, even additional floor systems to rest on architecturally finished structural components. An example of one advantage is that a roof panel set on a 12:12 pitch can be set in place with the invention's screws (described later) through crown block into walls and into the invention's beam support system, left with no other support, such as notches, etc.

As previously noted, AAC buildings can be very energy efficient. A recent study in the U.S. shows that an eight-inch thick AAC wall performs better than a conventional two-inch by six-inch wood stud wall system with R-30 Insulation. AAC is ideal for variable temperatures so that the outside temperature is dissipated by change before it can permeate block and effect interior. The only disadvantage to AAC's thermal insulate value is in a location where there are continuous days of below freezing temperatures as occurs during winters in northern United States and Canada, the cold eventually permeates the AAC block. A test in Pennsylvania not using current art for AAC, showed when AAC is exposed to a constant temperature, such as freezing, over a period of time, it was found that a winter's heating expense was the same as a standard two-inch by four-inch wood frame home. This is one reason why AAC plants are presently located only in Southern areas, an ideal climate of moderate, fluctuating temperatures. Current art solves this problem through its temperature transferring system manufactured in blocks and panels and is available for climates requiring it. Warm or cool air is simply circulated through holes in exterior half area of blocks. The manufacturing of transfer channels is unique in that the tubes inserted into the pan mold are two conical tubes with threaded ends, one male and one female, which after curing are separated by tool which is inserted into larger end and engages indentations and is twisted to unscrew tubes. The purpose for conical shape is ability to ease withdrawing longer sections of pipe from cementitious material thereby enabling even 20 foot lengths to be more easily removed.

The utility chase and block wall systems are only a few of the numerous other embodiments and claims of this application which each individually and combined, address specific areas of improvement in AAC construction.

The structural beam system is placed on walls and is unique in being constructed of reinforced AAC or alternatively can be comprised of two cementitious materials, having a center fiber and steel reinforced concrete and outer casing of AAC which accepts the screws hereof, flange bar and/or hollow bar, which are used to fasten roof panels to beams.

The beams can have reinforcing center formed by two halves with longitudinal slots joined and filled, even HVAC duct and a utility channel can be placed inside so trades simply pierce AAC where desired openings are to be located.

Currently, the AAC industry does not use AAC for its roof systems in residential application because the required structural steel support beams, etc., rendered it impractical, so industry methodology is to attach a conventional wood and asphalt shingle roof on top of AAC walls. Current art is able to feasibly employ an entire AAC roof system with no steel I-beams, support columns, brackets, braces, bolts, etc. The structural beam system allows for all conventional roof designs to be possible, which was previously thought unfeasible with cementitious products due to weight, fastening systems and difficulty of working with product.

The invention's roofing system maximizes AAC's innate attributes by combining structure, insulation, gutter, water deflection, and waterproofing all in one. One of the more important ideas of invention is the AAC roof panel's waterproofing system. The AAC roof panels employ current art's cost effective waterproofing systems, both systems are environmentally friendly products to manufacture, and the consumer use of either invention will relieve landfills of 100,000's of tons of current industry asphalt shingle refuse currently being dumped every year. The current art is designed to never have to be replaced, only re-coated every 100 years. Roof repairs are easily discovered and can be repaired by an unskilled homeowner. Professional roofers will appreciate ease of application. Both systems not only waterproof, but also remedy problem of AAC's requirement for vapor permeability (to be able to “breathe”) so moisture build up does not occur inside habitat. These are the only roof waterproofing systems known at the time of original filing for this invention to be able to be applied directly to roof surface and still facilitate vapor permeability. Another of the applicant's inventions adds the benefits of air vented and architecturally enhanced standing steel seam roof appearance that is much more environmentally friendly and uses less embodied energy than steel, and for lower cost to owner.

The indivisible internalized gutter system is similar in that it eliminates costly additional gutter systems that must be maintained and replaced. The water deflection system not only adds aesthetic enhancement but provides process through its unique reverse (upward) angles to cause water to separate from face preventing unsightly runs as well as help dissipate negative effect of water runoff. The gutter down spout box eliminates need for unsightly down spouts and add architectural accent. Because of new roof system interior space is greatly increased by volumes as attic insulation is not required. Insulation is not required.

The new beam and panel roof system of this invention greatly increases interior space by creating habitable areas in roof vaults that previously were inhospitable, namely wasted attic space.

The waste-free system taught herein allows for flexible custom application of AAC roof panels so contemporary roof lines are realized. The waste-free roof system can be implemented for hips as well as valleys.

When teachings of this invention are applied to install AAC panels over existing roof structures, they overcome weight, fastening and aesthetic concerns. An unanticipated use may be for sound proofing by removing existing asphalt shingles, etc., and screwing AAC panels directly over wood decking into rafters. The unique screw for installing AAC panels into wood have wide flanges in the area to cover the AAC material. The wood threads on the tip are used to permanently secure the panel into the wood. The threads actually help to control the depth of penetration of the screw, followed by a light weight, environmentally friendly coating. When teachings of preferred embodiments of this invention are applied to install AAC panels over existing roof structures, they overcome weight, fastening and aesthetic concerns. An unanticipated use may be for fireproofing and sound proofing by removing existing asphalt shingles, etc., and screwing AAC panels directly over wood decking into rafters. The unique screw for installing AAC panels into wood have wide flanges in the area to cover the AAC material. The wood threads on the tip are used to permanently secure the panel into the wood. The wood threads actually help to control the depth of penetration of the screw, followed by a lightweight, environmentally friendly coating.

When constructing multiple stories, the ring/bond beam floor panel of a preferred embodiment of the invention eliminates several time and material consuming steps. The floor panel has unique modification of top row if reinforcing is stopped one-foot short of the panel end (the same as for roof panel to accommodate the disclosed gutter system). This allows invention's ring/bond beam slot to be manufactured. Construction is simply placing beam on top of wall with panel end flush to exterior wall face, inserting required rebar into slot, installing the screws hereof through slot into wall below, which screws engage other reinforcing in panel. The heads of screws can be left protruding into slot and rebar tied to them, then add mortar and immediately next course of block, and continue on with next wall. This eliminates all the following current methodology: 1) place panel end short of face of exterior wall, 2) mortar a block flush to face of exterior wall leaving a gap between panel end and block, 3) place rebar into gap and add lots of mortar, 4) wait day for ring/bond beam to set and then continue construction.

In an alternative embodiment, the flange bar, is a modified rebar with most of the advantages of the illustrated bar except it requires pre-drilled holes. The disclosed flange bar allows direct bonding and reinforcing as code requires with superior results of centering rebar in hole, allowing mortar to fill hole around rebar, secure rebar directly to cementitious material, hold cementitious pieces in place by flanges imbedded in walls of hole preventing shifting movements, flanges greatly increase holding power. The R screw has the advantage of allowing a one step process while flange bar has a lower manufacturing cost and can be cut at any length at a point removed from a flange so that a hammer drill can be placed over shaft and the shaft used as a bit.

Another improvement in time and costs for multiple stop construction is the method of constructing walls without laying floors or roof until all walls are constructed. This method saves cost trips which can add up to thousands of dollars, as well as additional costs of down labor time for wall crews waiting for crane to finish. The method is for a crown block to be used that protrudes into interior area and forms a ledge for supporting floor system. When all walls are constructed crane simply sets all floor panels into interior area and roof panels onto crown block ledge, all in same day by use of invention screws. The crown blocks serve as ledge as well as architectural finish.

Corbel ring/bond beam is similar, as wall face is routed, using invention's routing system, to receive a pre-cast, reinforced AAC beam that can have an architectural face as does crown block. Simply mortar and fasten into place using the screws hereof and then floor or roof can be set on corbel ring/bond beam. This process using unique articles of manufacture allow for quick, strong permanent placements of floor and roof panels where before an entire wall assembly system was required. This can be used to set two-story, reinforced 20 foot tall wall panels, then on a horizontal middle line, say at 10 foot high, with routing out of an area to receive a corbel. Then, the builder mortars the architectural finished corbel into routed opening and fastens it with R-screws to secure it to the wall panels. Then floor panels are lowered by crane down into the area framed by 20 foot high wall panels and set on the corbel ledge at 10 feet of height. The result is a ceiling for first floor and second floor system all using one length of wall panel.

In this embodiment, a precast ring beam mortared into routed openings and secured by fasteners that interlock all components into one monolithic structure. The wall face is routed, using invention's routing system, to receive a pre-cast, reinforced AAC beam that can have an architectural face as does crown block. The beam is simply mortared and fastened into place using the screws disclosed herein and then a floor or a roof can be set on corbel ring/bond beam. This process uses unique articles of manufacture allow for quick, strong permanent placement of floor and roof panels where before an entire wall assembly system was required. For example, this approach can be used to set two story, reinforced 20 foot tall wall panels. Then on a horizontal middle line, say at 10 feet of height, an area is routed out area to receive a corbel. Then, the architectural finished corbel is mortared into the routed opening and fastened with R- screws to secure it to the structure. Then, floor panels are lowered by crane down into the area framed by the 20 foot high wall panels and set on the corbel ledge at 10 feet of height. The result is a ceiling for first floor and second floor system that requires the use of one length of wall panel.

Stairs providing access between floors are now able to be cost effectively constructed of cementitious material that immediately gives fire protection. Stairs will not creak and have benefit of muffling a lot of the noise transmitted by standard wood stairs.

Current methodology for constructing stairs, especially curved and suspended stairways, require a very skilled craftsman, but now unskilled labor can construct a superior stairway in less time.

The invention's screw is an indispensable article of manufacturing which facilitates many of invention's processes. The auger type invention screw now makes it possible in one motion to set steel reinforcing into cementitious product without pre-drilling a hole and having to wait for mortar to set. An example of one advantage is that a roof panel set on a 12:12 pitch can be set in place with the invention's screws (described later) through crown block into walls and into the invention's beam support system, left with no other support, such as notches, etc. The invention screw locks all pieces together with threads and counter sunk head. An entire roof system can be installed, then the worker comes back and fills all invention screws with mortar at end of day for them to set up overnight. The next day the roof is waterproofed according to teachings of this invention.

A few nuances of the invention screw are advantage of invention's flanges on screw head are to gouge out AAC so head can counter sink and simultaneously help lock in place. Unlike any other screw, the invention screw has the ability to be drilled very close to surface without breaking AAC apart because of its auger process alleviating pressure that a standard solid shaft creates. The chambers' unique design actually allows mortar and screw process to make one monolithic piece of separate pieces in one step.

As an alternative, the flange bar, is a modified rebar with most of the advantages of the invention bar except it requires pre-drilled holes. The flange bar allows direct bonding and reinforcing as code requires with superior results of centering rebar in hole, allowing mortar to fill hole around rebar, secure rebar directly to cementitious material, hold cementitious pieces in place by flanges imbedded in walls of hole preventing shifting movements, flanges greatly increase holding power. The “R” screw has advantage of one step process while flange bar has less expensive manufacturing costs and can be cut at any length at a point removed from a flange so that a hammer drill can be placed over shaft and the shaft used as a bit.

A hybrid of both the invention screw and flange bar is hollow bar which combines best attributes of both inventions into one unit. It uses a cutting device that embodies a crimping action that results in serrations which through the bar's twisting action grind AAC into dust and force into hollow core. It has a helix-action with auger flanges which leaves slots for special epoxy (not regular mortar) to be inserted around the bar.

By use of the invention's nail screw, the result is synergism in that one item replaces two previously separate processes with the benefits of both and modifications eliminating detriments. A problem with fastening items into a cementitious product is that the cement is not like wood which holds by a constant expansion pressure upon inserted object, cement holds by a gripping and/or binding to concrete. Therefore when object is removed it can rarely be reinserted into same hole with effective holding power.

The screw overcomes this problem by gathering dust in its tip which binds, by prongs near the head which pierce and hold, torque more pressure via screw head and by the ability to reinsert finish nail in hollow shaft and re-explode tip. While prior art, such as Helifix, has advantages of piercing and twisting to hold in AAC, it requires long sections of shaft to work effectively and still wiggles and can work free without mortar. The screw hereof has variable degrees of hold, and via nail exploding tip, has unique process of being permanently set and still retain ability to be removed without damage to AAC or fastener and then even reused in same hole.

Door slabs can be composed of AAC giving great fire safety and sound insulation to rooms. As AAC is non-combustible, current art even has AC door that is unique in allowing a four-hour fire rated wall having a specially designed opening.

The disclosed tools biggest advantages are ability to be used on vertical plane surface and enabling unskilled workers to make finished openings and other modifications in thick walls, as well as finished trim designs. Most of the tools combine steps so that what required two or more tools and several processes in prior art can now be done with invention's machines, articles of manufacture and processes with one tool and in one step.

The invention's air duct system uses AAC insulate characteristic and duct's structural reinforcing for unexpected result of a manufactured structural component: 1) an internal duct system that is installed during construction of habitat as it is an integral, structural part of habitat, 2) is an insulated forced air duct system which reinforces cementitious material, 3) reduces volume weight of top beam, 4) requires no additional framing. etc. to hide it, and 5) uses process of varying opening sizes custom installed at site to regulate required air supply. Blocks and beams can also be used with a standard sized hole becoming the air duct with no other duct work required.

An advantage of the present invention is its ability to emulate the aesthetic appeal of industry's standard habitats while being composed of a completely different, unique cementitious material. It is the invention's synergy that allows it to overcome problems preventing AAC's acceptance by construction industry. Each of the present embodiments is crucial to the whole as it is synergistic, i.e., without a support beam system, the roof panel system would not feasible and, without the invention's screws and light-weight roof waterproof coating system, the support beam system would not be feasible. AAC systems are environmentally friendly. In contrast, conventional wood structures create a problem of waste, while this system reduces waste to almost nothing. What waste there is can be dealt with by the teachings hereof. It was discovered that the waste hereof is to grind the AAC into powder and then, by optionally adding proper nutrients and fertilizers, turn the mixture into a yard enhancer so that no waste has to be removed from the building site.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a component for an autoclaved, aerated structure, the component comprising: an insert having a first side and a second side that meet in a right angle and a third side that shares edges with the first two sides; and a curved path leading from the first side to the third side; the insert being configured for placement in a pair of converging utility slots and being operative to provide a curved path for a wire. Preferably, the third side is arcuate.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a stair system comprising:

a plurality of steps; and at least two support brackets; wherein each of the steps has two ends and each of the ends has a slot, each slot being configured so as to allow the steps to be slidably mounted on the support brackets in a level orientation. In yet another preferred embodiment, the invention is a stair system comprising:

a plurality of steps; and at least one support bracket; wherein each of the steps has two ends and at least one of the ends has a slot, the slot being configured so as to allow the steps to be slidably mounted on the at least one support bracket in a level orientation.

In another preferred embodiment, a flooring system for a structure has an exterior wall surface comprising:

a plurality of autoclaved, aerated concrete floor panels, each of the floor panels having an end and a groove manufactured or cut into the floor panel with the grooves of adjacent panels being aligned, the reinforcing bar and mortar in the grooves creating a bond/ring beam which is integrated into the floor;

the ends of the floor panels forming a portion of the exterior wall surface.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a structure comprising:

a flooring system disclosed herein; wherein the flooring system is attached to an autoclaved, aerated support block with a screw that is countersunk in the groove.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a wall system for a structure comprising:

a leveling base beam comprised of autoclaved, aerated concrete; a wall block comprised of autoclaved, aerated concrete and having a height of at least six feet; and a top block comprised of autoclaved, aerated concrete.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roofing system for a structure having a roof with at least one hip and at least one valley, the roof system comprising:

any even number of roofing panels, each of the roofing panels having one thirty degree corner, the roofing panels being disposed at a 12:12 pitch; wherein each pair of roofing panels is cut from a single sheet of autoclaved, aerated concrete, is installed in a manner that produces no waste product.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof comprising:

roofing system disclosed herein; wherein each roofing panel is attached to a ridge beam with a screw disclosed herein.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a gutter box comprising:

a generally prismatic housing portion having at least one opening for receiving water from a gutter;

a floor that is inclined in two directions and

a pair of outer walls, each of which outer walls having a water outflow slot at its bottom; the gutter box being operative to expel water entering it through the outflow slots in each of the directions with the result that expelled water falls in a dispersed manner.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a screw for fastening an autoclaved, aerated component to a wood component, the screw comprising:

a wood screw portion having first threads; and

an autoclaved, aerated concrete portion having second threads; wherein the first and second threads are adapted to move the portions into the components the same distance for each rotation of the screw.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a subassembly comprising:

an autoclaved, aerated wall panel having a first transverse notch;

a first corbel that is inserted into the first transverse notch and attached to the wall panel; and

a floor panel that is resting on and attached to the first corbel.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the invention is an assembly comprising:

a subassembly of disclosed herein wherein the wall panel has a second transverse notch;

a second corbel that is inserted into the second notch and attached to the wall panel; and

a roof panel that is resting on and attached to the second corbel.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is an architectural feature fabricator for an autoclaved, aerated concrete block or panel having four sides, the architectural feature fabricator comprising:

a table upon which the autoclaved, aerated concrete block or panel rests or which rests on the autoclaved, aerated concrete block or panel; and a housing having a shaft that supports a plurality of router bits, the router bits being movable into a plurality of positions capable of cutting three sides of the four sides with the result that the three sides are architecturally treated simultaneously.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a doorway for an opening in an autoclaved, aerated concrete wall, the doorway comprising:

a plurality of autoclaved, aerated concrete casement blocks that frame the opening to produce a door frame; and

a door that is comprised of autoclaved, aerated concrete that is pivotably attached to one of the casement blocks by means of an internal hinge;

wherein the door frame and the door are operative to interlock and prevent movement of gases and flames through the opening when the door is closed without the use of a customary door stop.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a component for an autoclaved, aerated structure, the structure comprising an autoclaved, aerated concrete wall panel and an autoclaved, aerated concrete root panel, the component comprising:

an autoclaved, aerated concrete crown block that has a flat bottom surface that is operative to rest on the autoclaved, aerated concrete wall panel and a sloped top surface upon which the autoclaved, aerated concrete roof panel is operative to rest;

wherein the autoclaved, aerated concrete crown block is attachable to the autoclaved, aerated concrete wall panel with a screw and the autoclaved, aerated concrete roof panel is attachable to the autoclaved, aerated concrete crown block with a screw.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a corbel system for a structure having an exterior wall surface comprising: a plurality of autoclaved, aerated concrete corbels, each of which autoclaved, aerated corbels having an outer surface and a groove manufactured or cut into the autoclaved, aerated corbel, with the grooves of adjacent autoclaved, aerated corbels being aligned; and a reinforcing bar and a mortar disposed in the grooves thereby creating a bond/ring beam which is integrated into the structure; wherein the outer surfaces of the autoclaved, aerated corbels form a portion of the exterior wall surface. In yet another preferred embodiment, the invention is a structure comprising: a corbel system disclosed herein; wherein the corbel system is attached to an autoclaved, aerated wall block with a screw disclosed herein that is countersunk in the groove.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a flange bar fastener for autoclaved, aerated components, the flange bar fastener comprising:

a metal bar; and a plurality of metal flanges which are positioned and angled so as to act like screw threads, each of which metal flanges having an inner end that is attached to the metal bar and an outer end and being wider and thicker at the inner end and then narrowing with a receding leading edge and being thinner at the outer end.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the invention is a method of fastening two autoclaved, aerated components together, the method comprising:

drilling a hole through one of the autoclaved, aerated components and into the second autoclaved, aerated component;

screwing a flange bar fastener disclosed herein into the hole; and placing mortar around the flange bar fastener after it is screwed into the hole.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a hollow fastener for autoclaved, aerated components, the hollow fastener comprising:

a hollow bar or shaft comprising an annular wall having a pointed end having a hole, the hollow bar or shaft having a dust chamber within the annular wall, the annual wall having a plurality of windows;

a plurality of scraper blades, each scraper blade extending tangentially from the annular wall adjacent to one of the windows; and

screw threads that are attached to the annular wall, the screw threads having gaps therein.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a method of fastening two autoclaved, aerated components together, the method comprising:

screwing a hollow fastener disclosed herein into the components, the scrapers creating a space around the hollow bar or shaft;

capturing autoclaved, aerated concrete dust created by the scrapers in the dust chamber, the dust entering through the windows and through the opening in the pointed end; and

filling the space with mortar.

In another embodiment, the invention is a crimping tool for fabricating a hollow fastener, the crimping tool comprising:

handles and multiple blades at the end of the handles which are configured to accomplish crimping a hollow metal bar, cutting the hollow metal bar, and

forming teeth at the end of the hollow metal bar.

In another embodiment, the invention is a method for finishing the edges of a plurality of installed autoclave, aerated roof panels having an upper surface, the method comprising:

resting an architectural feature fabricator disclosed herein on the upper surface; and using the architectural feature fabricator to cut the architectural feature into the edges.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a method for manufacturing an air duct system into adjoining cementitious wall components:

molding a plastic air duct having an exterior and an end within each of the cementitious wall components, thereby by reducing the weight and simultaneously reinforcing the components, and thereby insulating the plastic air duct, hiding the duct system, and enabling easy access for installation of vents; and using deep socket tubular bit which extends around the exterior of each the air duct or an inflatable sleeve that is present during the molding step to create a void around each end; cutting each duct back to align it with the duct in an adjoining component; and slipping a corner coupling into each void and over each end of each duct, thereby creating a continuous duct system with rounded corners.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a method for disposing of waste autoclaved, aerated concrete material, the method comprising:

transforming the waste material by grinding it into a powdery product that is environmentally friendly to vegetation; and

applying the powdery product to the vegetation, thereby eliminating the need to haul the waste material off site.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a reciprocating saw blade for cutting a cementitious product, the blade comprising:

a front portion that comprises a pointed end, thereby enabling it to enter the product pointed end first; and

a back portion having an upper edge and that is cupped along its upper edge and wider that the front portion, thereby enabling it to extract cutting dust during a cutting operation.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a method for molding holes in cementitious products, the method comprising:

placing conical shaped pipes having back ends and threaded front ends into a mold;

screwing the front ends together; and fastening the back ends to a mold box; and

placing a moldable material in the mold box and allow the moldable material to cure; thereby eliminating the need for boring holes in a cured cementitious product.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a three-component wall system for a cementitious structure being constructed on a concrete slab, the wall system comprising:

a continuous first course comprised of elongated, load bearing leveling base panels that designed to level the bottom of the wall system by spanning the unevenness of the concrete slab and thereby permit immediate construction of subsequent materials;

a second course comprised of a plurality of wall panels disposed on and attached to the first course of elongated, load bearing leveling base panels by means of a first mortar joint; and

a third course comprised of top beams that are disposed on and attached to the second course by means of a second mortar joint. Preferably, the wall system further comprises an architectural feature for hiding the mortar joints in the architectural design without any additional work or finish. Preferably, the wall system further comprises a continuous utility chase system which is not interrupted by doors and other openings, thereby allowing for continuous, uninterrupted installation of wires and other utilities.

The manner by which the system hereof applies the processes, machines, articles of manufacture and compositions of matter will become apparent in the description which follows, particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from consideration of the drawings and the ensuing description of preferred embodiments of the invention. A person skilled in the art will realize that other embodiments of the invention are possible and that the details of the invention can be modified in a number of respects, all without departing from the concept. Thus, the following drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of the invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings that illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a partial, two a story cementitious dwelling constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention, showing specifically a first floor construction, with portions removed, a second floor with a partial roof to override the first floor, and a partial roof section to override the remainder of the first floor.

FIG. 2A is a partial perspective view of a wall, with a door and a window opening, using in section, a base block and mini-wall block combination, top block/beam and optional curved block wall, showing architecturally finished coordinated seam system that enables thin coatings previously considered insufficient.

FIG. 2B is a continuing partial perspective view of a wall, with a door and a window opening, omitting base block and mini-wall block and substituting them with a wall block and big base block showing architecturally finished coordinated seam system revealing a sloped and architecturally finished crown block on top.

FIG. 2C is a continuing partial perspective view of a wall, using a second story on floor panels, with a door and a window opening, substituting top block with top beam over openings and omitting wall block and substituting full wall blocks, with architectural features added after installment.

FIGS. 2BB-1 and 2 are two partial perspective views of wall blocks that are routed with a vertical chase and shaped edges, where FIG. 288-1 is an example of architectural design routed on face by tools of this invention.

FIG. 2CC is a partial perspective view of an elongated, vertically oriented casing block, showing incorporated utility chase and a curved insert to facilitate pulling/fishing electrical wiring or cable through the blocks. It is adjoining a finished wall block.

FIG. 2D is a partial perspective view of a top block which dimensionally compliments wall block to allow precise height dimension for doors and window openings, showing the invention's casing and utility channel as well as industry standard slot for reinforcing.

FIG. 2DD is top block beam that combines functions of a header for openings and a bond beam for wall and can house utility channel and invention's enclosed, insulated duct system.

FIG. 2E is a partial perspective crown block, having crown molding, showing a tapered top wall with a longitudinal slot and crown block used as floor support system.

FIGS. 2F and 2FF are two views, perspective and plan, respectively, showing a special molded plastic insert to convert a utility chase into a multi-chamber chase.

FIGS. 2G, 2HA and 2HB are views illustrating curved AAC blocks and manufacturing procedures, along with exemplary shapes for the curved blocks.

FIGS. 2I and 2J are a series of views showing a preferred manner of providing temperature transfer within an AAC dwelling.

FIG. 2K is a view of inserts to form a temperature transfer system.

FIGS. 3A through 3I are different views illustrating various aspects of a rooting beam support system according to this invention.

FIGS. 4A through 4D are different views illustrating various aspects of this invention's water proofing system, and gutter/down spout system, as applied to roof and invention's moisture removal system.

FIGS. 4E through 4H are views illustrating the waste-free roof panel system according to the present invention.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are two views showing further this invention's panel bond beam system and the invention's panel bond beam system.

FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of a wall detail showing the invention's panel bondbeam in conjunction with invention's wall block and top beam with duct system, routed with casing block design for spanning opening.

FIG. 6 is a partial side view illustrating invention's corbel bond beam system which allows floor and roof panels to be secured directly to a cured cementitious midwall section.

FIGS. 7A through 7D) are different views illustrating a preferred auger screw. R-screw for securing AAC materials according to this invention.

FIG. 7AA is an exploded perspective view, FIG. 7BB is an end view, and FIG. 7CC is a partial perspective end view illustrating a preferred hollow bar, a hybrid of a unique screw and flange bar which replaces standard rebar.

FIGS. 7DD and 7EE are views of and selected tools used to cut, crimp and create serrated ends in the hollow bar.

FIGS. 7AAA, 7BBB and 7CCC are different views illustrating a preferred flange bar, showing a modified rebar as used in fastening and holding pieces in position until grout can be added.

FIGS. 7E and 7F illustrate fastening devices for installing panels onto wood and steel roof supports will the indicated bit of a screwdriver.

FIG. 7EEE illustrates a prior art device being driven with the indicated head of a hammer.

FIGS. 8A through 8D are various views illustrating a dual functioning screw for attaching items to AAC materials.

FIGS. 9A through 9C are selected views of an AAC stair case assembly.

FIG. 10 is a top view of an improved firewall with an opening and a door.

FIGS. 11A through 11E are various views of routing tools, such as a hand held utility chase cutting tool.

FIGS. 12A through 12C are various views of a tool for inserting wires into utility channel and fastening in place.

FIGS. 13A through 13C are various views of a duct system for manufacturing structures according to the invention hereof, including an architecturally finished seam system.

FIG. 13D shows a perspective view of a deep socket, large tubular bit being used to create a void in a top beam.

FIG. 13E shows a perspective view of the deep socket, large tubular bit.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a pair of AAC crushing rollers members for converting and transforming the AAC waste into a suitable fertilizing base for trees, soil conditioner, and the like.

FIG. 15 is a side view of a joint cleaner for removing and smoothing excess grout from a seam.

FIG. 15A is a perspective view of the joint cleaner of FIG. 15.

FIG. 16 is a partial side view of a double edge cutting blade for creating openings in AAC walls.

FIG. 16A is a perspective of a portable cutting tool using the double cutting blade of FIG. 16.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system for manufacturing structures and habitats of cementitious materials, more particularly by the use of an autoclaved aerated concrete. The invention will now be described with regard to the several Figures, where like reference numerals represent like components or features throughout the various views. Though the invention has applicability to a variety of cementitious materials, the further description, for convenience, will be restricted to the use of autoclaved aerated cementitious (AAC) materials. Turning now to the several Figures, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an AAC constructed structure 10 according to the techniques of this invention, while FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate sections of structure wall blocks 200A and 200B.

AAC blocks are typically formed by first preparing a slurry of the AAC mixture and placing same into current industry standard large mold measuring approximately 4 feet wide by 24 inch deep and 20 feet long. After the slurry sets, the form is lifted out of the tray and cut into the desired sizes. Industry standard panels are always steel reinforced and sized two feet wide by +/−8 inches thick and when used for walls are +8 feet long (for vertical height). Most blocks are usually 8 inches wide by 8 inches tall by 24 inches long with only one USA plant manufacturing a jumbo block of 2 ft by 4 ft by 8 inches.

The system herein shows manufacturing modifications of 8 inch by 16 inch for top block, which is coordinated with wall block of industry standard 2 feet by 4 feet but new dimensional length of 82 inches which requires modifying mold length by an additional 6 inches, from the prior art, so three lengths of 82 inch wall block as well as coordinated casing block can be manufactured without waste. Accordingly, one preferred size is wall block 2008 having an elongated dimension of standard pre-hung doors with only jambs to slip flush into the invention's casing block system so that no additional wood trim or customizing blocks at the site is required. Further, through the use of the large blocks 241, and the unique and precise manufacturing techniques, it is now possible to construct a habitat with the architecturally finished structural components. That is, blocks 12 have specifically located architectural finish along the edges of faces that will be abutting at the joints of the blocks and hides the seams and surface deflection.

This eliminates the need for extra surface finish, wood molding, other material or labor. The finish need only be a paint or a superficial layer of smooth stucco, as known in the art.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2A, the system is amenable to the use of curved wall sections 205. FIGS. 2G and 2H illustrate techniques for manufacturing the curved wall sections 205. That is, alternative curved blocks 205 are manufactured by wires, as known in the industry, but modified by being connected to a computerized, mechanical arm which cuts AAC as pattern and arrows as illustrated. There are presently no known curved blocks being manufactured anywhere in the world.

For more frigid climate construction applications, reference is made to FIGS. 21 and 25 showing the invention's temperature transfer system. The manufacturing of transfer channels 54 is unique in that the tubes 251 inserted into the pan mold 250 are two conical tubes with threaded ends 255, one male and one female, which are separated by tool 253 which is inserted into larger end and engages indentations 252 and is twisted to unscrew tubes. Optional flange 254 on female conical tube holds it stationary while male tube is first unscrewed and withdrawn. The purpose for tool and conical shape is ability to ease withdrawing longer sections of pipe from cementitious material, as the tool employs a fulcrum to initially break tube free and then conical shape allows for no resistance as withdrawn. This now allows for extremely long voids/channels to be easily created. Also ends the need for coring of individual blocks as is currently done since blocks cut with a void suffice.

The temperature transfer system of this invention allows for excess heat, usually wasted and/or lost, to be realized and circulated by fan 58 via air channels 54 throughout exterior walls 200A and panels 40 of habitat. System can employ a geothermal 56 and solar 55 storage tank 52.

After the cementitious materials are prepared, construction can begin. Initially a superior concrete foundation, or footer with slab is poured, as known in the art, to present a base for receiving the AAC blocks. The blue prints, as known in the art, are measured and laid out on floor by a qualified individual. Correct designations are marked on floor for openings, block type, location of outlets, etc. From this point a small crews of four unskilled workers using a level, trowel and drill construct a quality habitat in half the time of a comparable “stick built.”

A first step in constructing invention is the wall system, FIGS. 2A through 2C. The process comprises selecting a discontinuous first course of elongated AAC base blocks (FIG. 2A) for placement on a pre-built foundation. A base block 201 is one solid structural finished component that is load bearing, utility receiving, architecturally finished and uniquely dimensionally processed. The respective +/−10 inches tall by +/−9 inches wide blocks are oriented with a longitudinal slot, called a utility channel 202, see also FIG. 2I, exposed along the upper surfaces or/and along the vertical face thereof, into which utilities 217, 216, 123, 124 are inserted and later covered by subsequent course and/or preformed, dimensional type of cementitious board 229 which fits perfectly between notch 225 at the base and start of architectural finish 208 so that there is no seam and it becomes an integral part of the design.

Alternatively, the base block 201 may be omitted and the mini-wall blocks 200A substituted with wall blocks 2008, see FIG. 2B. Wall blocks have a custom notch design near base 202 (FIG. 58) that is covered by flooring and/or optional baseboard. Another alternative (FIG. 2C) may be the omission of casing blocks and instead, wall blocks 200B are architecturally routed, including utility chase. All blocks work with the present invention's utility channel system.

Whatever block process is used, the blocks are cemented into place and leveled, except where door openings 212 are located. Initial leveling is critical as all subsequent courses of blocks can be laid directly on the base course without further delay as subsequent leveling since AAC blocks are dimensionally accurate.

Continuing the description using base block 201, as apparent, the purpose of the slot, as best seen in FIG. 5A, is to receive utilities, i.e., electrical wiring. After utilities and all inserts, etc. are placed in the utility channel 202, then a thin cover composed of plastic or paper can be placed over utility channel 202 opening to prevent special AAC mortar 19 from falling into utility channel 202 when constructing subsequent blocks and panels, as mortar would obstruct future installments of utilities which can be pulled/fished. Additional utilities can be placed on top of the base block 202 which are accepted into the utility channel 202 in the base of second course 200.

The base blocks 201 are +−10 inches high and +/−1 inch wider than mini-wall blocks 200A and have architectural base board finish 208 which recesses and reduces base block to width of subsequent mini-wall block 200A. The base block 201 also has optional variably sized recessed notch 225 at base for overlapping the flooring. Reference numerals 208 & 225 create the invention's unique attribute of being architecturally and functionally equivalent to a baseboard; so even while housing utilities, it is structural and functional as well as having ornamental finish.

Outlets 216 may be located into the base block 201 by cutting opening using special rotor plunging tool and template guide. Outlet boxes, etc., fit exactly into opening formed by template guide and are fastened into place, preferably using a proprietary nail screw as illustrated in FIGS. 8A through 8D.

Thereafter, a method of vertically orienting and cementing comparably designed, plural mini-wall blocks 200A onto at least certain of the first course of blocks, where the height of each block is a multiple of a nominal dimension of “X”, where a typical miniwall block is 6 feet, and “X” equals 2 feet. Mini-wall blocks 200A are preferably 72 inches high, do not require wire reinforcing as does standard wall panels that have manufacturing difficulties and additional costs, but have advantages of panels in quick installation and can be routed, see FIGS. 2BB-1 & 2BB-2. Mini-wall blocks 200A can have utility chase system 202 integrated into ends and sides to form horizontal and vertical utility channels.

Alternatively to mini-wall blocks mounted on base blocks is a method of employing wall blocks 2008. FIGS. 2A & B. Wall blocks are +/−6 feet-10 inches tall so top equals height of standard door with frame. Wall blocks which have a hidden utility channel machined into the bottom are shown in FIG. 5C. Additionally, specially designed tools are able to architecturally finish wall blocks 200B with casing design and utility channel allowing for omission of casing blocks. In any case, thereafter, plural elongated casing blocks 203. FIG. 2CC, preferably the height of wall blocks, are vertically oriented around the first horizontal course where openings 212 for doors and windows are to be placed. Casing blocks 203, FIG. 2CC, are used for window and door openings and are structural, integral components of wall which have architectural finish 208 and can have a utility channel 202. Electrical switch boxes 216 can be located in casing blocks 203 at door openings and are constructed similarly to outlet boxes 203 in base blocks. The slots for the utility channel are of such a width that when windows and doors are installed their frames conceal slots and only caulk or shoe mold is required to finish. The top beam has casing block's architectural finish where openings are located. Casing blocks have vertical and horizontal “X” factors. Vertically, the same dimensional vertical “X” equals wall blocks 200A & 200B, so their top heights are level. This level height is optimized at +/−6 feet 10″ to match the rough opening for doors and windows. Horizontally, casing blocks are “X” equals 2 feet or 1 foot, so that either +/−17 inches wide for full size openings (ex: 36 inch (3 foot-0 inch door)+2+/−inches (¾ inch−¾inch frames and gap), +34 inch+/−(two 17 inch casing blocks)=foot center), or 14 inches for half size openings (ex: 30 inches (2 foot-6 inch door)+2+/−inches (¾ inch+¾ inch frames and gap), +28 inches+/−(two 14 inch casing blocks)=foot center). The walls are constructed on 1 foot centers with minimal waste. By disciplining design using matching units a wall can be constructed without having to cut 2 feet wide wall blocks. Doors and windows with % inch jambs can slide under subsequent course and into opening, requiring nothing else to flush finish other than trim or caulk, as the architectural finish 208 on blocks blend into door and window frames and become one architectural unit when painted. Conventional finishes have architectural finish added onto wall and so protrude away from wall, while present invention has finish recessing into structural walls as walls are thick enough to use the invention's time and material saving process.

A simplified wall process is for the tools, see FIGS. 11A through 11D, herein to architecturally finish 243 wall blocks FIG. 2C, at the openings and create utility channel 202 so that a casing block is not required, as wall block has features of casing block machined into it. The width of the opening is flexible so that only top block/beam 206 acting as header spans or big base block 241, see FIG. 2B, used under window are cut to fit. Big base blocks 241 are basically wall blocks turned horizontally so all window openings can have standard height from floor of 24 inches and variable width. This is the preferred method of all options.

Where the utility channel 202 intersects with other blocks or changes angles, in a preferred embodiment, a curved insert 214. FIG. 2A, sized to be slidably placed into the longitudinal slots 202, may be placed into perpendicularly converging utility slots to provide a continuous curved path for easy wiring of the erected structure in future after direct access is closed off. By this arrangement, and with pre-positioned openings extending to the inside from the longitudinal slots, the entire structure may be suitably wired with recessed utility boxes to present a wall surface suitable for finishing.

Where architectural finishes 208 for casing blocks 203 and top block/beam 206B meet, an architectural insert 213 is placed to cover incompatible intersection, see FIG. 2B. Top block beams 206, FIG. 2D, are placed as a horizontally oriented course of comparably designed AAC blocks, where the longitudinal slots 202 over the openings, such as doors and window openings, and casing finish 208 are exposed downwardly toward the opening. An optional architectural finish 208 can give a crown molding appearance to top block where floor panel 59, FIG. 5A, will rest on top block 206. Top blocks 206 are preferably manufactured as beams and have an enclosed air duct system and reinforcing channel that coordinates with roofs beam system. Thereafter, the top most course of wall, comprised of invention's +/−16 inch top block beam 206, is placed on wall blocks 200A, 200B, not 200C, and/or casing blocks 203. Top blocks 206 can have a variation of architectural finish 208 as casing blocks for windows and doors, as well as continuous design to equal crown molding, which allows for one structural component, top block, to replace four standard pieces: header, filler, casing and crown. Additionally, the top block is of specific dimension so that base block, mini-wall block and top block form a minimum 8′ high wall. A unique feature of this invention is the provision of an effective method to construct a dwelling using primarily precut and sized blocks of cementitious material. By the use of such cementitious blocks containing specific dimensions unique to this invention process and not in prior art, an 8′ high wall can be constructed using only two blocks (or three if using base block) which blocks have specific, unique design and functions beyond just dimensional advantage.

Blocks are additionally modified with predetermined slots and openings termed utility chase system for utilities, i.e. electrical wiring, plumbing, etc. facilitating construction of habitat.

Further, also employing tools for finished architectural routing for either the base block, casing, features for openings, and/or crown block, smooth finished walls are transformed into architectural finished walls with no additional materials.

For rounded walls and/or corners, if desired, one may employ arch shaped rounded blocks 205, where the rounded shapes of such blocks may be accomplished by inserting a rounded mold (FIG. 2G) into an industry standard AAC pan. Alternatively, a computerized mechanical arm may run wires through cementitious material (FIG. 2H) in a unique pattern producing curved blocks with very little waste, and which waste is able to be recycled as it is still in green stage before autoclaving. This finishes wall construction processes.

The corbel bond beam system (FIG. 6) is the system's approach to attach floor and roof panels directly into the mid wall section surface instead of on top of walls that requires a great deal more construction effort and material. The corbel slot is formed at manufacturing or on-site field routed using the proprietary tools according to this invention, see FIG. 11A, with a different bit. The corbel bond beam 60, which is reinforced with rebar 35, is set into the slot with mortar and fastened with the proprietary screw 70, note FIGS. 7A through 7AAA, or the invention's alternatives, which engage rebar reinforcing.

When there are multiple floors, floor panels can be placed directly on top of the first level wall top block/beam (FIG. 5A) with panel end flush to exterior wall. Floor panels, according to this invention, may use bond beam slot 50 and proprietary auger screws 70 to effectively replace several steps of prior methodology. In prior art systems, a bond beam was to first drill vertical holes into top of wall, then short sections of rebar were mortared into holes, and thereafter a long, horizontal rebar was tied off to vertical rebar. This necessitated a space between the end of the floor panel and a block placed flush to exterior face of wall. The bond beam was formed in the gap between panel end and wall block using rebar and mortar. This method required additional material, labor and days of curing time before subsequent floors could be constructed. The present invention eliminates several steps and materials and allows construction to continue uninterrupted.

Floor panels 59, see FIG. 58, have unique bond beam slot 50 achieved by manufacturing AAC similarly to roof panels for a proprietary gutter system, see FIGS. 4A through 4D, where the upper course of steel reinforcing 52 stops short of panel end than other layers so slot can be routed and bit not hit reinforcing steel. Rebar 35 is horizontally laid in bond beam slot 50 and tied to screws 70 and then bond beam slot is filled with mortar 19 as base block 201, which is the first course of the next wall, is laid.

An alternative floor support system is illustrated in FIG. 5C for a crown block 207B to be placed into wall during construction to support floor system. This method allows for wall construction to continue until all walls are constructed before floors and roof panels are installed. When floor panels are installed, the gap between end of floor panel and wall is filled halfway with rebar 35 and mortar 19 and becomes bond beam. The upper half of gap is left a void and becomes a utility channel 202 for wires 217 and other utilities to be inserted. Outlets 216 are placed in floor panel using the method in an area void of reinforcing. Finish floor covers uniquely located utility channel or small gap that can be filled with additional mortar.

Where stairs are employed to travel between floors, the stair system is employed as shown in FIGS. 9A through 9C which are partial views of stairs made entirely of AAC. There is no prior art of cementitious stairs being supported only at ends and reinforced by adjoining steps. All prior art uses either steel reinforcing throughout or supports in middle of stair, which extends to ground along total run of stairs.

The stair system uses cementitious blocks 90 which have an angled slot 91 that corresponds to the desired pitch of the stairs. The angle support brackets 92 are secured to the wall at the desired pitch of stairs, which pitch corresponds to slot 91 in cementitious block. Blocks are simply slipped onto support bracket at top of stairs in gap, see FIG. 9B, reference numeral 93, between brace and floor and then slid down and mortar 19 to secure onto top of previous block. Optionally, screw 70 can be used for additional fastening. The angle iron 92 with special slot 91 makes a permanent structural unit. Mortar placed on ends of stairs additionally bonds stairs to AAC walls. Face of cementitious AAC blocks can be routed to have a tread 94 and/or other architectural advantages. The advantages allow for additional safety of fire proof stairs cases which are devoid of squeaking.

Thereafter, if there is not to be an additional floor, on the top most course of wall comprised of top block, a crown block 207, FIG. 2A, featuring a sloped top wall 228 is cemented to the top course. The slope is comparable to the roof slope so that the roof panels may be supported thereon and secured by suitable fastening means. FIG. 4B further shows a tapered crown block 207 secured to the top of the wall for mounting a roof panel (40) and roof support members. The crown block has a slope equal to the roof panel pitch and is manufactured by taking a standard base block width and cutting in half so that mirror sides equal slope pitch of roof. The interior face is routed to resemble crown molding. The result of this inventive technique is a single structural piece of cementitious material that has architectural attributes of finished wood trim and is used to bond pitched roof panels to flat walls. Crown blocks with a level top, instead of angled to the roof pitch, can also be used to add height and design features to any wall.

The roof is constructed by first securing AAC roof panels 40 to the roof support beam system, beams 30, 31, 32, where a typical roof has a plurality of beams arranged in specific load and stress managing pattern.

The construction method may be continued by positioning the invention's support beam system, see FIGS. 3A-3F, on walls. The cementitious beams are comprised solely of cementitious material with steel reinforcing and optionally can have invention's reinforcing channel 36, see FIG. 3F. Support beams require only mortar and fasteners as unique interlocking design, FIGS. 3C & 3D, eliminates need for interlocking brackets, bolts, or other mechanisms. All types of roof pitches and designs, including hip and valley, FIG. 3A, are now possible for a purely cementitious roof and support system.

The supporting beam system with reinforcing channel 36 is constructed by placing rebar into channel (and utilities), tying all rebar together, which can include rebar coming from the foundation/slab, then drilling holes into beam and pouring mortar into beams 38. FIG. 3F, so that incredibly strong support beams result. The invention allows for AAC surrounding hard concrete reinforcing channels to receive fasteners 70 and so secure roof panels to supporting beam system. Invention's roof system requires no brackets, braces, bolts, etc., as does all prior art. At most what may be required are tension tie rods for certain hip roof designs to give walls extra support.

The construction process is continued by placing roof panels 40, see FIGS. 3E and 3F, on the supporting beam system. When a roof is resting on standard 8′ wall instead of a second floor, FIG. 4B, then a fourth level of blocks comprised of crown block 207 can be used. As best seen in FIG. 4B, a series of crown blocks 207, preferably eight (8) inches in height, are cemented to the planar surface 229, where the crown block 207 features a slanted upper surface 228 for receiving an angled roof panel 40. The panel 40 may be secured to the crown block 207 by screws 70, as shown in FIG. 7A, and mortar 19 as known in the art, on planner surface. Crown blocks, FIG. 2E, can also be structural for openings with cavity 227 being filled with rebar and cement.

The beam system utilizes optional reinforcing channels 36, FIG. 3F, which can be used in addition to standard reinforcing to facilitate easy construction and provides even stronger support due to internal bond beam/utility channel tying together the entire habitat. Beams can have a squared edge corrugated pipe 36 inserted into the AAC mold during manufacturing. The AAC fits between the square corrugation in pipe and holds fast and is strong enough to remain intact during initial construction. The hollow corrugated pipe (36) at site has rebar 35 placed inside, as well as any utility conduits 26 desired, which conduits can be accessed for lights, etc.

Roof beams are erected and fastened so that the hollow core formed by corrugated pipe, which is termed reinforcing channel 36, align each other at intersection/joint of beams. After beams are joined together and set with screws 70, the AAC mortar is pumped throughout the reinforcing channel system 36 resulting in an incredibly strong beam system that ties the entire structure together. This reinforcing channel system also allows invention screws to fasten roof panels into the softer AAC portion of the beam. Optionally, FIG. 3H, a standard concrete beam 19 can be constructed and then an AAC beam 30 adhered with mortar to top of concrete beam so result is a dual material beam which has softer cement for fasteners on top and harder, reinforced concrete on bottom. The concrete beams can be constructed and poured at site with foundations.

While any type of pipe can make reinforcing channel, the reasons for using optional corrugated pipe or corrugated, helical conical mold insert 255 (FIG. 2K) which unscrews from mold, are: 1) the corrugation gives extra surface strength and adds additional strength to reinforcing channel when filled with concrete as two cementitious materials bind against each other; 2) the corrugation prevents AAC outside and cement inside from separating from pipe during stress flexing; and 3) the corrugated pipe allows mortar to flow throughout entire system as AAC is known to absorb moisture so quickly that if system had only exposed AAC the mortar may quickly adhere to channel walls, possibly clogging channel and thus prevent mortar from reinforcing certain areas.

The roof panel system is then fastened to the beam system. The teaching of the present invention's waste-free system is illustrated, in part, in FIG. 4E. This simplifies construction by manufacturing a standard length precast cementitious panel for the entire roof system. Once the length is determined, the parts (A), (B), (C), and (D) are simply cut off site and delivered and installed in a manner which emulates contemporary roof lines without waste. The cut angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees. (FIG. 4G) are turned to meet each other, i.e. (A) to (A) through (D) to (D). When laid at a 45-degree angle incline, FIG. 4H, or as known in the art “12:12 pitch, and installed on the invention's teachings of the beam system, FIG. 3A, it creates a perfectly mirrored hip or valley, FIG. 14F. The roof layout. FIG. 4E, becomes simplified and cost effective with zero-waste. Also, what is lost as just uninhabitable attic space under typical roof constructions becomes finished living area, FIG. 4H.

The roof panel system is then fastened to the beam system and roof panels waterproofed. The roof design is identical for both sections A and B of invention's roof waterproofing system (FIG. 4A). Section A is a perspective of a finished stage using a different water proofing material 47 than Section B's segment which is shown at an initial stage in its construction using the technology hereof. It is important to note that the invention's water proofing system for roof panels is of four distinct processes/features, namely: 1) water proof coating 47 &/or 41; 2) the facia water deflection system 45; 3) integrated gutter system 44; and, 4) gutter box 48 which replaces down spouts. The gutter box 48 comprises a generally rectangular housing portion 46, see FIG. 4D, having at least one wall opening for receiving water overflow from the angled gutter slot 63, a tapered lower wall 64, and a pair of outer walls 65 that feature water outflow slots 66 at the bottom of outer walls 65, note the water flow arrows. The roofs water proofing system is constructed as follows:

FIG. 4A, section A, 47 is a composition of matter for a roofing material, having the following characteristics: waterproof, climate durable, chemical resistant, vapor permeable (“breathes”) high modulus of elasticity (stretchable), durable (10+ year use expectancy) can be continuously re-coated so no waste material has to go to landfills, can be tinted for various colors, and bonds well to AAC. It is simply applied by spray or roller.

FIG. 4A, section B, as a preferred system, incorporates a polyester/nylon mesh 42, having alternate sections of a tight mesh 43 and a loose mesh, and is placed over the AAC panels in the direction of the ridge down to the eaves. Next, an elastomeric composition 41 is applied to the mesh, and, as a result of the porosity of the loose mesh, the elastomeric composition goes through the loose mesh and adheres to the AAC panels. However, the elastomeric material will not go through the tight mesh 43 such that an air channel 47 is created between the tight mesh 43 and the AAC panels 40. Further, another coat of the elastomeric material 41 may be applied for extra wear resistance. The respective air channels 47 allow moisture in the AAC panels to escape, i.e., breathe. Additionally, the air channels 47 also function as air is drawn up through the channels from the eaves end of roof to the top ridge vent 48 by use of naturally occurring temperature and wind where it may be vented 48 to the atmosphere.

The integrated gutter system of this invention uses industry standard AAC roof panels with a modification in steel reinforcing. Since gutters (FIGS. 4A and 4B) 44, may be routed out of the roof panel 40, the top rows of embedded reinforcing rods 52, see FIG. 4B, extend short of the edge similar to bond beam panels (FIG. 5B). There is no need for all the structural reinforcing at the gutter location as AAC is strong enough by itself. An angled routed groove 44 may be added to the AAC panels to transmit moisture out of the roof assembly and act as an integrated gutter system to gutter box 46 hereof. No prior art of cementitious materials with integrated gutter systems employ a gravity driven water removal method. All prior art relies on inferior water pressure method as subsequent water forces previous water toward down spout box and off the roof. The prior art's use of water pressure has negative results of residual moisture remaining in trough which eventually causes water damage due to debris build up and/or freezing. Downspout box 46, FIG. 4D, disperses moisture out and away from habitat by curved wall and wide slot at base. The interior ridges and various platform heights of curved wall near slot break up the mass of water into smaller droplets so as it is propelled out of box large volumes of water do not overburden any one area too much.

Finally, the facia water deflection system 45 is one and the same material as the roofing and is one continuous niece of roofing material, specifically shaped to have reversing angles with a series of sharp angles so it is impossible for water coming off the roof to run down its face, but rather gravity pulls water off its face at several different places, which not only deflects water away from house but also breaks water down into smaller droplets so it does not damage landscaping beneath. Therefore, facia design is not just a cosmetic architectural feature, it is a unique functioning aspect of the roofs waterproofing and moisture removal system much different than existing plumb facia boards and molding which recess with angles but not reversing angles.

An integral functioning process advantage of the finished ends of the roof panels lies in its water deflection that is multifaceted. The reversed angle routed end makes it impossible for excess moisture from the roof to run down face of the panel end/roof facia. This overcomes two failures of the prior art, namely:

1) moisture carrying naturally occurring debris running down vertical facia causes unsightly streaks; and

2) moisture running down facia is easily blown back toward habitat.

By this means, the need for additional labor and material of drip edge is avoided, while adding unique architectural enhancement to the habitat.

Therefore, the roof panel design and process of moisture removal system is comprised of a single cementitious material identical to the roof and is actually roof material itself and thus an indivisible component of roof consisting of two distinct components:

1) a downwardly angled trough 44 which feeds moisture to a down spout or the down spout box of this invention; and

2) a fascia 45 with square edges and upward, reverse angle pitches having a multi faced formed edge of cementitious roof. This roof system is then coated with either of the two water-proofing materials 47 or 41. Both moisture removal attributes are part of the present invention's roofing system and work in conjunction with each other as one moisture removal system.

Doors are possible with AAC, as seen in FIG. 10, so that even four hour rated fire wall 204 may be possible with an operating door 100 which is composed of AAC. The door face can have all types of architectural or decorative effects as a standard wood door. The wall is composed of standard wall blocks 200A, 200B but uses casing blocks 203 having custom fire thwarting design and latch system 101. The door can be held in place by special heat resistant piano type hinge 103 or the internal hinge 104 hereof, which has special sliding hinge pin so all mechanical parts are protected within fire proof AAC.

Now that the individual embodiments of materials and structure of habitat are understood, what needs to be explained is the preferred fasteners and tools of this inventive system. The auger screw (FIGS. 7-7C) is a preferred method of securing, not just to fasten, but to actually bond AAC together. The screw 70 acts as an auger screw and gets its name from the fact it provides more structural advantages than standard rebar but does so with the ease of a screw, especially as screw engages any steel reinforcing in the panels and elsewhere. As noted above, fastener 70 can be used to secure a roof beam 30 and/or panel 40 to the crown block 207.

One difficulty is that prior art fasteners, such as the Helifix, can work free over time without mortar holding the pieces fast, consequently, if mortar in joints ever failed then the system is in jeopardy. Also, the Helifix is inadequate in size to secure large, heavy pieces of cementitious material, and due to need for cement to assist bonding, simply increasing size does not solve its design inadequacies. To improve the fastening capabilities of AAC materials, such as the roof beam to the crown block, a new and unique fastener had to be developed.

Though different, U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,498, to Wiftman, granted Sep. 1, 1992, teaches a rubber roofing material fastening device that includes an optional liquid sealer to facilitate the process of affixing roof items to the upper surface of a roof. The fastening device has a longitudinally extending centrally located chamber that is coaxially aligned with the longitudinal central axis of the fastening device. The chamber has a plurality of laterally disposed openings that extend from the chamber to the outer surface of the fastening device. The chamber is adapted to receive a liquid sealant at an opening in the upper surface and disperse same through such lateral openings. The exterior surface of the screw shaft is formed with screw threads having a dual set of helically wound, threaded members. The external, most radially outer portions of the threads are grooved with serrated teeth to enhance the holding power of the fastening device.

The screw fastener member 70, FIGS. 7B, 7C and 7D, of this invention is comprised of a core, preferably “hour glass” in shape, within an annular wall 71 to define three elongated cavities, one passing through the center to each side, and two opposite each other on the outer sides separated by the center cavity. The three elongated cavities create two functioning processes with the two cavities opposite each other performing the same process, namely, the center cavity is a mortar chamber 73 and the side cavities are dust chambers 74. Along the annular wall there are provided plural openings 75 in communication with the mortar chambers. Additionally, there are provided plural openings on the annular wall and in pointed end 78 in communication with the dust chambers with at least one cut-out window having a scraper blade 76, which is a portion of the cut-out of the wall extending tangentially from annular wall 71.

In operation, dust chambers 74 capture AAC dust created by scraper 76, as well as through an opening in pointed end 78. The scrapers 76 serve two functions: 1) to enlarge hole area around shaft 71 so that an air space is created between the AAC and shaft 71, which space will be filled with mortar flowing out of mortar chamber 73 via opening 75 and 2) remove from the enlarged hole all lose AAC dust so that mortar flowing out of mortar chamber 73 has a good surface for bonding. The head portion 77 removably receives a square head power screw driver as an air ratchet, which square opening is an opening through to the mortar chamber and through which mortar is poured into cavity after the driver bit has placed screw member 70.

Additionally, at head 77 is the termination of helical thread arrangement 79 at an open slot 77A so that the entire screw can be counter sunk into AAC. Finally, exterior of the shank 71, from the head portion 77 to the opening, is pointed at one end 78, and includes large angled helical screw arrangement 79 with wide threads. It will be seen that this is in sharp contrast to the very shallow angle and narrowness of the helical threads of a conventional screw. The design of the thread of this invention is unique to its application for maximum hold with least negative torque influence thereon and damage to the AAC. The result of the invention is a screw which has all the advantages, and more, of rebar but can be installed in one easy step directly through numerous pieces of AAC and secures in place each piece of AAC, regardless of where AAC is located, i.e., slope, angle, etc. which before was not possible.

Alternative fastening arrangements include elongated members in the form of hollow bar (FIG. 7AA) and flange bar (FIG. 7AAA). The hollow bar has a dust chamber 74 within annular wall 71 with the advantage of plural cut-out windows having a scraper blade 76, which is a portion of the cut-out of the wall extending tangentially from the annular wall 71. In operation, dust chambers 74 capture AAC dust created by scraper 76, as well as through an opening in pointed end 78. The scrapers 76 serve two functions: 1) to enlarge hole area around shaft 72 so that an air space is created between the AAC and shaft 72, which space will be filled with mortar being poured into gap around exterior of shaft at entrance to hole and 2) remove from the enlarged hole all lose AAC dust so that mortar has a good surface for bonding. The design of thread of this invention is unique to its application for maximum hold with least negative torque influence thereon and damage to the AAC. Gaps 705 in the thread are for purpose of allowing mortar poured into opening created by flanges to flow continuously down between screw wall and AAC and around threads sections. The result of the invention is a screw which has all the advantages, and more, of R-screw, but can be manufactured for less cost and be custom cut at site to variable lengths as thread gap 705 and the opening pattern repeats.

The crimping tool for cutting and forming hollow bar has multiple blades which form functions of:

1) crimping tube which helps hollow bar enter AAC and grind it,

2) cut it, and

3) form teeth out of cut end for two functions: 3A) on end entering AAC, teeth 706 cut and grind up AAC and feed AAC dust up into dust chamber 74 and 3B) the end used for driving hollow bar into AAC works as would a normal head on a screw would, as it designed to receive a drill bit and teeth have gaps which can receive a Phillips head screw driver bit and allow the hollow bar to be countersunk. Alternately, the bit fits over the end and tightens onto the tube.

The flange bar is similar to industry rebar except invention is modified by unique flanges 701 which are positioned and angled to act like screw threads and design of being wider 704 and thicker 703 at the bar and then narrowing with receding leading edge 704 and getting thinner towards end 703 to keep the bar centered in the hole by resistance of the flanges against the wall as it is inserted and as the flanges bite into the walls they bind cementitious pieces together and prevent shifting and/or movement while mortar is added around bar it sets up. It has advantages of being inexpensive to manufacture and the length being custom cut from long bar on site, but has the disadvantage of it requiring predrilling a hole. The fastener 75. FIG. 7E, is a screw for installing AAC panels onto a wood or steel rafter system, where the fastener features a pair of concentric shaft portions, with the upper portion having broad helical threads, and lower portion with much smaller helical threads. It has the advantage of using these multipurpose threads which are designed for surface area contact, where the tight or lower threads serve the purpose of starting the fastener into the AAC and then properly imbedding it into the wood or steel rafters, FIG. 7F. The upper or loose threads 79 properly hold the AAC without stripping or damaging the AAC, as well as to prevent the fastener from going too far into the AAC, as the axial length of the threads 79 corresponds to the thickness of the AAC panels 40. The fastener has the features of AAC gougers 77B and countersink head 77A, that facilitate environmentally friendly one coat coverage of roofing material 47 and replaces conventional heavy roofing shingles, etc.

Another fastening device, the nail screw 80, shown in partial views in FIGS. 8A-8D, has particular utility in securing smaller items to a cementitious material, such as AAC. It can be comprised of a strong, hard plastic instead of steel. It is unique in its ability to be driven into the AAC with a hammer, while further having the ability to be withdrawn by means of a rotational hand tool, i.e., hand or powered screw driver (FIG. 8C). This device overcomes problems of the prior art in that it will not easily work free over time and yet is removable using the correct tool without damage to the item to be secured and/or AAC. The fastener member 80 hereof is comprised of a triangular threaded elongated shank 82, with very low number of revolutions around the shank and is pointed at one end 85. The pointed end has openings 83 that aid the N-screw to grip AAC by gathering and compacting AAC dust that presses against AAC wall. The “N” screw is topped at the opposite end by a head portion, where the head portion includes prongs 84 for piercing AAC to provide additional holding of the screw member 80 in place. On the top side of the head is a slot for removably receiving a screw driver head, as known in the art, to remove the screw 80 from its location. The design allows for unique multiple applications in the same location that no other fastener with such simple construction provides in AAC. Additionally, the elongated shank can be hollow and a standard finish nail 86 driven through which explodes. The tip 87 and further anchors the hammer nail. To remove the hammer nail, one first applies a needle nose pliers to remove the finish set nail 86 and then using a screw driver with the screw's threads supplying enough torque for the AAC wall to force the exploded tip to re-close and remove screw 80 from the AAC.

Turning further to the tools of FIGS. 11-11E, a table (FIG. 11A) is of a block and panel architectural fabricator. The table has router bits 110, 111, 112 with the potential for variable positions, and the ability to use different bits 110, 112 on each router cutting, simultaneously, so each side of the block, panel and/or beam has the desired architectural features, including utility chase 111 as shown in FIG. 11C, numerals 201, 203 and beams 30, 31, 32, FIG. 11D is a partial view of a hand held version cutting a casing block 203. The most unique aspect of the tools hereof is the ability through combined use of the tools and template system of FIG. 16 to fabricate finished openings for windows and doors in a solid AAC wall.

A tool used for cutting utility chases into erected walls is illustrated in FIG. 11A, which is a partial top view of a hand held utility chase cutter 192 with the bit 120 which simultaneously cuts a notch (FIG. 2BB) for sheetrock 209 and the chase 203. It uses the template guide system 160, 163 (FIG. 11A) as does most of the hand held cutting tools. FIG. 11A shows utility chase 202 with sheetrock 209 installed using screws 80, covering water supply 123 and waste pipes 124. The utility chase cutter can be used for vertical as well as horizontal runs. Since the bit protrudes beyond the face of the interior wall, it is able to cut down behind the base block and up behind the crown block. Then a standard drill can cut holes for utilities through floor panel. The chase is covered using a single cut to size a piece of sheetrock. The tools hereof have the capabilities of special dust collecting systems.

For easing an electrician's job of installing electrical wire (FIG. 12A) into a utility channel, the wire inserting tool 170 has a long, specifically angled bar 170 with the ability to slip into utility channel 202 and wheel 175 enables the installer to simply walk along while the wire feeding wheel 171 by design aligns and lifts wire onto roof of channel where staple fastener 172 shoots a unique staple 174 which does not easily pull out around wire and into the AAC.

The internal air duct system 180 of this invention, see FIGS. 13A-13B, can be housed in the top beam 206A and structural beam system. A PVC type pipe may be placed within the cementitious material (AAC) which benefits the AAC by reducing its weight and simultaneously reinforcing it and further the AAC insulates the air duct and hides the duct system to enable easy access for vents 181. The vents 181 can have various sizes for openings as engineered for facilitating desired air flow which is regulated by vent opening size and proximity to air return vents. The system can be located at a centralized location and initial service ducts run through a chase 184 shared by other main utilities and then hooked up to the internal duct system. The duct corners 182, as seen in FIG. 13B, are installed by deep socket, large tubular bit 185 which goes around exterior of air duct 180 and creates a void 183. The duct is then cut back at a required depth 166 to align with the duct in the adjoining piece and the AAC is cleared so that the corner coupling 182 slips into the void and over the duct in the top beam 206A and, likewise, in second top beam 206A, thereby creating a continuous duct system with rounded corners. A manufacturing process of creating void around the duct is to have an inflatable sleeve 186 (FIG. 2K) placed on the pipe while in the mold before slurry is introduced. After the mold is removed, the sleeve is deflated and removed. At the site, by this embodiment, the AAC is simply cut back as required and duct's corner coupling 182 slipped on.

There is limited waste product with the AAC according to the preferred practice of this invention, but what waste there is can be easily handled by the machine 140 that can crush waste cementitious pieces 142 into dust 141 so they do not have to be taken to landfills. This means habitats manufactured by this invention can be constructed with little or no waste AAC from the site having to go to a landfill, thereby lessening construction costs and providing an environmentally friendly practice. The resulting dust may then be used as fertilizer 144 for grass, trees, etc.

As blocks of AAC are set in place, excess mortar can be forced out beyond the wall face. To solve this problem, FIGS. 15 and 15A show a joint finisher 150 according to the invention. The joint finisher 150 has a unique roller 152 which serves several useful functions, namely, keeps blade 151 at an optional angle for removing excess AAC mortar from the block face at joints and the roller smoothes out any residual trace amounts of mortar, while the spring pressured cleaning blade 153 removes AAC which may accumulate on the roller. The result, one tool replaces the prior art's tools and motions.

The hand held finishing tool shown in FIG. 11D may be used with a template guide so that an architecturally finished opening results where there was once a wall. The window is simply slipped in and caulked and/or finished nailed. No additional wood trim or casing is required. The outlet and switch openings, beam notches, etc. require a different type of template guide having prongs. The guiding arms may be kept perpendicular by a level bubble on the support arm 160. In difficult positions, such as a coner notch, an angled template is used and, as the rotor zip type tool goes around a guide, a chunk of AAC is removed which allows the beam to seat into the wall and be finished with mortar and screw.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2I also illustrate a preferred three-component wall system comprising an elongated, horizontal first course leveling, structural utility leveling base panel 201 comprising of an architecturally finished profile and designed to be located where mortar joint will be and to resemble a base board, preferably having a longitudinal void as taught in applicant's invention for utilities, being reinforced to be load bearing, and dimensionally accurate when installed on a mortar bed on a concrete slab (not shown). The leveling base panel 201 is a leveling component upon which all subsequent construction can be immediately installed as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7.

In a preferred embodiment, the concrete slab (not shown) has a mortar bed (not shown) spread on it and then the elongated, horizontal first course structural utility base beam or panel 201 is positioned in place. Wall panels 200A and top blocks or beams 206 and 206B are then placed. Openings are preferably constructed according to this invention based on the two-foot grid system by cutting leveling base panel 201. This unique construction methodology allows for entire wall sections to erect and then the door openings are cut out of the base panel. By simply placing a plastic sheet (not shown) where door openings are to be cut out later allows the mortar and block to be easily removed. The vertical utility channels in the wall panels 201A preferably align with utility channels in leveling base panel 201 and allow for a continuous void for uninterrupted wire and pipe installation, something previously was not capable of being done.

Alternatively, by employing the applicant's invention at openings, a void can be provided in the floor and the wires are placed into the floor and then routed back up into leveling base panel 201 with the void ultimately being covered. This embodiment of the invention overcomes the background art's structural slab's undulating surface, the time consuming and labor intensive process of laying individual blocks while providing a superior product and extremely level surface for subsequent wall construction. The self-leveling beam 201 spans entire sections of wall in a single application.

It is recognized that changes, variations and modifications may be made to the method of this invention, and to the securing device, particularly by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, no limitation is intended to be imposed thereon except as set forth in the accompanying claims. Many variations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Some variations include a single component rooting system. Other variations call for use of a multi-component roofing system. All such variations are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Although some embodiments are shown to include certain features, it is specifically contemplated that any feature disclosed herein may be used together or in combination with any other feature on any embodiment of the invention. It is also contemplated that any feature may be specifically excluded from any embodiment of the invention. 

1. A component for a cementitious structure comprising: an insert having a first side and a second side joined at an angle and a third curved side; said angle being less than 180 degrees; each of said first and second sides having edges remote from the junction between said first and second sides; said third side extending between said edges and curving inwardly toward said angle junction; and said insert being configured for placement in a pair of converging utility slots and being operative to provide a curved path for said insert.
 2. A roofing system for a structure having a roof with at least one hip and/or at least one valley, said roofing system comprising: an even number of roofing panels, each of said roofing panels having one thirty degree corner; said roofing panels being disposed at a 12:12 pitch; and each pair of roofing panels cut from a single sheet of cementitious material and installed in a manner such that no waste product is produced.
 3. The roofing system according to claim 2 wherein each roofing panel is attached to a ridge beam with a fastener.
 4. The roofing system of claim 2 wherein said roofing panels are precast with corresponding 30-degree and 60-degree angles to match roofing components and maximize materials usage.
 5. A fastener for cementitious components comprising: an elongated member of substantially uniform diameter; a plurality of metal flanges positioned on said elongated member and angled so as to function like screw threads; each of said metal flanges having an inner end attached to said elongated member and an outer end; and said metal flanges being wider and thicker at said inner end and then narrowing with a receding leading edge and being thinner at said outer end.
 6. The fastener according to claim 5 wherein mortar is dispensed around said elongated member.
 7. The fastener according to claim 5 wherein a pointed end is disposed at one end of said elongated member.
 8. The fastener according to claim 5 wherein said elongated member is hollow.
 9. The fastener according to claim 5 wherein said elongated member is solid.
 10. The fastener according to claim 5 wherein a space void of material surrounds said elongated member.
 11. A horizontally-positioned structural system for a structure having an exterior wall surface comprising: a plurality of cementitious floor panels; each of said floor panels having an end and a groove manufactured or cut into said floor panel with the grooves of adjacent panels being aligned; a reinforcing bar and mortar disposed in said aligned grooves creating a bond/ring beam which is integrated into said floor; and the ends of said floor panels forming a portion of said exterior wall surface.
 12. The flooring system of claim 11 wherein said flooring system is attached to a cementitious support block with a screw that is countersunk in said groove.
 13. The flooring system of claim 11 wherein said flooring system is attached to a cementitious support with a fastener that has a portion exposed in said groove and can be used as a tie for rebar and mortar thereby creating additional compounding reinforcement.
 14. The structural system of claim 11 wherein said system is a floor.
 15. The structural system of claim 11 wherein said system is a roof. 